Wednesday, May 6, 2020
Gambling on the Game Losing to Win (or not) - 1156 Words
The 1919 fix of the World Series by the Chicago White Sox against the Cincinnati Reds was one of the most infamous events in the history of American sport. Though it was not the first (nor was it likely the last) fix in the gameââ¬â¢s history, it had a far greater negative impact on the gameââ¬â¢s perception throughout America than any other preceding or proceeding fix. Americans were forced to come to grips that their gameââ¬âAmericaââ¬â¢s gameââ¬âwas flawed, and that its reputation had been compromised by a few people chasing the almighty dollar. As Eliot Asinof said in a 1988 interview and as he portrayed in his Eight Men Out, however, the eight players who came together to throw the series were not out to ruin the game they loved. It was not thatâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦More than any other single outside force, he was the reason his players put their careers on the line. With his star players in their primes, at the height of their earning power, Commy stil l justified paying his best players about half of what other owners paid their top guys. Even players on teams in the league cellar were making comparable sums. When his team won the pennant in 1917, for which he had promised them a bonus, he gave them a case of champagne, and when Eddie Cicotte neared thirty victories for the season, for which he would have been due a $10,000, Comiskey sat him down to ensure he did not reach the figure. The movie represented these as occurrences from the 1919 season (and also represented the champagne as flat), and even though that was inaccurate, it still got across the point that Comiskey was unwilling to spend money to keep his pennant-winning team happy. Thus, when the opportunity came for the ballplayers nearly to double or even triple their salaries, they took advantage, especially after nearly striking for better pay in mid-season (another aspect the movie glossed over). The gamblers swooped in and did what they always did by taking advanta ge of others, manipulating their situation for profit. Even though these eight ballplayers were in error, their motivations for fixing the World Series were clear, and in some ways, quite logical. Ultimately, in a tragic twist of fate, theShow MoreRelatedWhat A Stealth Gambling System1163 Words à |à 5 Pagesis to ask what a stealth gambling system is. This refers to winning money in a casino without drawing too much attention to yourself. I first began developing an approach to casino gambling after many losing trips to Las Vegas from my home in California. In fact, I don t remember having a single winning trip. After one too many losing excursions to the gambling Mecca, I began to become curious about which games I was losing the most money at, and which games I was losing the fewest dollars playingRead MoreGambling Is When People Play Games For A Chance For Win Money1506 Words à |à 7 PagesGambling is when people play games for a chance to win money. People think that people canââ¬â¢t win because of the advantages the casinos have. The odds of winning on a slot machine is about 1 to 262,144. WIth odds like that, it would be hard to win in most of the games you play there. Most games in casinos either depend on luck or is on a slot machine. People have to get really lucky in order to win a jackpot. There are some advantages to the casinos though. People have found ways to win jackpots inRead MoreThe American Ga ming Association ( Aga )1465 Words à |à 6 Pagesof sports in a negative way. Sport betting has been a part of many scandals in American sports. Athletes, coaches, and referees in various sports have been involved in different scandals through fixing games to change the outcome. To ââ¬Ëfixââ¬â¢ a game is when gamblers predetermine the outcome of a game by paying money to players, referees, or anyone that can change the outcome. For example, in the 1919 Major League Baseball World Series, the Chicago White Sox lost against the Cincinnati Reds in a scandalRead MoreIllegal Gambling : A Large Amount Of Money Going Into Gambling931 Words à |à 4 Pagesmoney going into gambling -more and more money has been spent from the consumerââ¬â¢s point of view ââ¬â almost $2 billion -What are people gambling on? -Scratchers, 649, casinos ââ â slot machinesâ⬠¦ etc November 27, 2013 UBC and Gambling -BCLC gave UBC $2 million dollars for new Gambling Research centre at UBC Gambling in Canada -There is a large amount of money going into gambling -more and more money has been spent from the consumerââ¬â¢s point of view ââ¬â almost $2 billion -What are people gambling on? -ScratchersRead MoreGambling Addiction918 Words à |à 4 Pages Gambling can be a compulsion where people are so obsessed with gambling that they gamble for a high; much like people who have alcohol, drug, and nicotine addictions. A person who gambles for the sheer urge to gamble despite harmful negative consequences or a desire to stop is considered to have gambling addiction or ludomania. A person with ludomania loves the rush of a win over everything else in life. The addiction causes the person to choose the excitement over responsibility. Families, jobsRead More Gambling and the Brain1523 Words à |à 7 PagesGambling and the Brain Why do gamblers bet more after they just lost a hand? Why do investors throw good money after bad? Why do people believe that a string of losses makes a win more likely? Why do so many people say that they will win their money back in the next hand? Is part of the appeal of gambling its unpredictability? Or do we just look at it as a way to get rich quick? The answer to these questions may lie in the science of the brain. Some studies indicate that gamblers bet moreRead MoreThe Rules of Playing Online Roulette641 Words à |à 3 Pagestechnology has made online gambling one of the lucrative business on the Internet. When people are sitting free and are looking for something fun-filled to do, online gambling can certainly help. There are so many games available to play but when you are looking for something interesting then online roulette should be the game you should opt for. It is one of the most widely played games in land-based casinos and at online casinos. Here we discuss the r ules and the ways of how this game is played. The rulesRead MoreHow Does And Probability Make You Win Money On Blackjack? Essay1428 Words à |à 6 PagesThe research question for this internal assessment is: How does and probability make you win money on Blackjack? Blackjack is the most common gambling game at casinos around the world. The aim of this game is to get as close to 21 without going over. You play against the dealer. Therefore, as in many other casino games, probability has to be taken in consideration to be aware of the possible outcomes in regard to cards and money. In the moment of truth, many players tend to hesitate, speculate andRead More Gambling in the United States Essay570 Words à |à 3 PagesGambling in the United States à à à à à Gambling has increased in the last couple of years. Is it because people are addicted? There are two types of gambling: Compulsive Gambling and pathological gambling. Compulsive Gambling is when people have a hard time resisting to gamble. Pathological Gambling is when there is a need to gamble for money or for large amounts of money. Also people donââ¬â¢t know when to quit when they are pathological gamblers. Both types of gambling have major side effects, and canRead MoreEssay Cheating in Sports1397 Words à |à 6 Pagesgoverned by sets of rules or customs and often, competition. Sports have always been a way to connect us to our past and to build optimism about the future. Sportââ¬â¢s a way to bond the people despite differences in race, age and gender. However, today the game that is supposed to teach character, discipline and team work is teaching cheating. And in todayââ¬â¢s world, with fame, endorsement, drugs and so much to gain, it is not surpri sing that athletes are cheating in sports. Cheating in sports is not new thing;
Water Pollution Is the Contamination of Water Bodies Free Essays
Water pollution is the contamination of water bodies (e. g. lakes, rivers, oceans and groundwater). We will write a custom essay sample on Water Pollution Is the Contamination of Water Bodies or any similar topic only for you Order Now Water pollution affects plants and organisms living in these bodies of water; and, in almost all cases the effect is damaging not only to individual species and populations, but also to the natural biological communities. Water pollution occurs when pollutants are discharged directly or indirectly into water bodies without adequate treatment to remove harmful compounds.Millions depend on the polluted Ganges river. Water pollution is a major problem in the global context. It has been suggested that it is the leading worldwide cause of deaths and diseases,[1][2] and that it accounts for the deaths of more than 14,000 people daily. [2] An estimated 700 million Indians have no access to a proper toilet, and 1,000 Indian children die of diarrheal sickness every day. 3] Some 90% of Chinaââ¬â¢s cities suffer from some degree of water pollution,[4] and nearly 500 million people lack access to safe drinking water. [5] In addition to the acute problems of water pollution in developing countries, industrialized countries continue to struggle with pollution problems as well. In the most recent national report on water quality in the United States, 45 percent of assessed stream miles, 47 percent of assessed lake acres, and 32 percent of assessed bay and estuarine square miles were classified as polluted. 6] Water is typically referred to as polluted when it is impaired by anthropogenic contaminants and either does not support a human use, like serving as drinking water, and/or undergoes a marked shift in its ability to support its constituent biotic communities, such as fish. Natural phenomena such as volcanoes, algae blooms, storms, and earthquakes also cause major changes in water quality and the ecological status of water. [edit]Water pollution categories Surface water and groundwater have often been studied and managed as separate resources, although they are interrelated. 7] Sources of surface water pollution are generally grouped into two categories based on their origin. [edit] Point source pollution Point source pollution ââ¬â Shipyard ââ¬â Rio de Janeiro. Point source pollution refers to contaminants that enter a waterway through a discrete conveyance, such as a pipe or ditch. Examples of sources in this category include discharges from a sewage treatment plant, a factory, or a city storm drain. The U. S. Clean Water Act (CWA) defines point source for regulatory enforcement purposes. 8] The CWA definition of point source was amended in 1987 to include municipal storm sewer systems, as well as industrial stormwater, such as from construction sites. [9] [edit] Nonââ¬âpoint source pollution Nonââ¬âpoint source (NPS) pollution refers to diffuse contamination that does not originate from a single discrete source. NPS pollution is often the cumulative effect of small amounts of contaminants gathered from a large area. The leaching out of nitrogen compounds from agricultural land which has been fertilized is a typical example.Nutrient runoff in stormwater from ââ¬Å"sheet flowâ⬠over an agricultural field or a forest are also cited as examples of NPS pollution. Contaminated storm water washed off of parking lots, roads and highways, called urban runoff, is sometimes included under the category of NPS pollution. However, this runoff is typically channeled into storm drain systems and discharged through pipes to local surface waters, and is a point source. However where such water is not channeled and drains directly to ground it is a non-point source. [edit] Groundwater pollution See also: Hydrogeology Interactions between groundwater and surface water are complex.Consequently, groundwater pollution, sometimes referred to as groundwater contamination, is not as easily classified as surface water pollution. [7] By its very nature, groundwater aquifers are susceptible to contamination from sources that may not directly affect surface water bodies, and the distinction of point vs. non-point source may be irrelevant. A spill or ongoing releases of chemical or radionuclide contaminants into soil (located away from a surface water body) may not create point source or non-point source pollution, but can contaminate the aquifer below, defined as a toxin plume.The movement of the plume, a plume front, can be part of a Hydrological transport model or Groundwater model. Analysis of groundwater contamination may focus on the soil characteristics and site geology, hydrogeology, hydrology, and the nature of the contaminants. [edit] Causes of water pollution The specific contaminants leading to pollution in water include a wide spectrum of chemicals, pathogens, and physical or sensory changes such as elevated temperature and discoloration. While many of the chemicals and substances that are regulate d may be naturally occurring (calcium, sodium, ron, manganese, etc. ) the concentration is often the key in determining what is a natural component of water, and what is a contaminant. Oxygen-depleting substances may be natural materials, such as plant matter (e. g. leaves and grass) as well as man-made chemicals. Other natural and anthropogenic substances may cause turbidity (cloudiness) which blocks light and disrupts plant growth, and clogs the gills of some fish species. [10] Many of the chemical substances are toxic. Pathogens can produce waterborne diseases in either human or animal hosts. 11] Alteration of waterââ¬â¢s physical chemistry includes acidity (change in pH), electrical conductivity, temperature, and eutrophication. Eutrophication is an increase in the concentration of chemical nutrients in an ecosystem to an extent that increases in the primary productivity of the ecosystem. Depending on the degree of eutrophication, subsequent negative environmental effects such as anoxia (oxygen depletion) and severe reductions in water quality may occur, affecting fish and other animal populations. [edit] Pathogens A manhole cover unable to contain a sanitary sewer overflow.Coliform bacteria are a commonly used bacterial indicator of water pollution, although not an actual cause of disease. Other microorganisms sometimes found in surface waters which have caused human health problems include: â⬠¢Burkholderia pseudomallei â⬠¢Cryptosporidium parvum â⬠¢Giardia lamblia â⬠¢Salmonella â⬠¢Novovirus and other viruses â⬠¢Parasitic worms (helminths). [1 2][13] High levels of pathogens may result from inadequately treated sewage discharges. [14] This can be caused by a sewage plant designed with less than secondary treatment (more typical in less-developed countries).In developed countries, older cities with aging infrastructure may have leaky sewage collection systems (pipes, pumps, valves), which can cause sanitary sewer overflows. Some cities also have combined sewers, which may discharge untreated sewage during rain storms. [15] Pathogen discharges may also be caused by poorly managed livestock operations. [edit] Chemical and other contaminants Muddy river polluted by sediment. Photo courtesy of United States Geological Survey. Contaminants may include organic and inorganic substances. Organic water pollutants include: â⬠¢Detergents â⬠¢Disinfection by-products found in chemically disinfected drinking water, such as chloroform â⬠¢Food processing waste, which can include oxygen-demanding substances, fats and grease â⬠¢Insecticides and herbicides, a huge range of organohalides and other chemical compounds â⬠¢Petroleum hydrocarbons, including fuels (gasoline, diesel fuel, jet fuels, and fuel oil) and lubricants (motor oil), and fuel combustion byproducts, from stormwater runoff[16] â⬠¢Tree and bush debris from logging operations Volatile organic compounds (VOCs), such as industrial solvents, from improper storage. Chlorinated solvents, which are dense non-aqueous phase liquids (DNAPLs), may fall to the bottom of reservoirs, since they donââ¬â¢t mix well with water and are denser. â⬠¢Various chemical compounds found in personal hygiene and cosmetic products Inorganic water pollutants include:â⬠¢Acidity caused by industrial discharges ( especially sulfur dioxide from power plants) â⬠¢Ammonia from food processing waste â⬠¢Chemical waste as industrial by-products Fertilizers containing nutrientsââ¬ânitrates and phosphatesââ¬âwhich are found in stormwater runoff from agriculture, as well as commercial and residential use[16] â⬠¢Heavy metals from motor vehicles (via urban stormwater runoff)[16][17] and acid mine drainage â⬠¢Silt (sediment) in runoff from construction sites, logging, slash and burn practices or land clearing sites Macroscopic pollutionââ¬âlarge visible items polluting the waterââ¬âmay be termed ââ¬Å"floatablesâ⬠in an urban stormwater context, or marine debris when found on the open seas, and can include such items as: â⬠¢Trash (e. . paper, plastic, or food waste) discarded by people on the ground, and that are washed by rainfall into storm drains and eventually discharged into surface waters â⬠¢Nurdles, small ubiquitous waterborne plastic pellets â⬠¢Sh ipwrecks, large derelict ships Potrero Generating Station discharges heated water into San Francisco Bay. [18] [edit] Thermal pollution Main article: Thermal pollution Thermal pollution is the rise or fall in the temperature of a natural body of water caused by human influence.A common cause of thermal pollution is the use of water as a coolant by power plants and industrial manufacturers. Elevated water temperatures decreases oxygen levels (which can kill fish) and affects ecosystem composition, such as invasion by new thermophilic species. Urban runoff may also elevate temperature in surface waters. Thermal pollution can also be caused by the release of very cold water from the base of reservoirs into warmer rivers. [edit] Transport and chemical reactions of water pollutants See also: Marine pollution Most water pollutants are eventually carried by rivers into the oceans.In some areas of the world the influence can be traced hundred miles from the mouth by studies using hydrology transport models. Advanced computer models such as SWMM or the DSSAM Model have been used in many locations worldwide to examine the fate of pollutants in aquatic systems. Indicator filter feeding species such as copepods have also been used to study pollutant fates in the New York Bight, for example. The highest toxin loads are not directly at the mouth of the Hudson River, but 100 kilometers south, since several days are required for incorporation into planktonic tissue.The Hudson discharge flows south along the coast due to coriolis force. Further south then are areas of oxygen depletion, caused by chemicals using up oxygen and by algae blooms, caused by excess nutrients from algal cell death and decomposition. Fish and shellfish kills have been reported, because toxins climb the food chain after small fish consume copepods, then large fish eat smaller fish, etc. Each successive step up the food chain causes a stepwise concentration of pollutants such as heavy metals (e. g. mercury) and persistent organic pollutants such as DDT. This is known as biomagnification, which is occasionally used interchangeably with bioaccumulation. A polluted river draining an abandoned copper mine on Anglesey Large gyres (vortexes) in the oceans trap floating plastic debris. The North Pacific Gyre for example has collected the so-called ââ¬Å"Great Pacific Garbage Patchâ⬠that is now estimated at 100 times the size of Texas. Many of these long-lasting pieces wind up in the stomachs of marine birds and animals. This results in obstruction of digestive pathways which leads to reduced appetite or even starvation.Many chemicals undergo reactive decay or chemically change especially over long periods of time in groundwater reservoirs. A noteworthy class of such chemicals is the chlorinated hydrocarbons such as trichloroethylene (used in industrial metal degreasing and electronics manufacturing) and tetrachloroethylene used in the dry cleaning industry (note latest advances in liquid carbon dioxide in dry cleaning that avoids al l use of chemicals). Both of these chemicals, which are carcinogens themselves, undergo partial decomposition reactions, leading to new hazardous chemicals (including dichloroethylene and vinyl chloride).Groundwater pollution is much more difficult to abate than surface pollution because groundwater can move great distances through unseen aquifers. Non-porous aquifers such as clays partially purify water of bacteria by simple filtration (adsorption and absorption), dilution, and, in some cases, chemical reactions and biological activity: however, in some cases, the pollutants merely transform to soil contaminants. Groundwater that moves through cracks and caverns is not filtered and can be transported as easily as surface water.In fact, this can be aggravated by the human tendency to use natural sinkholes as dumps in areas of Karst topography. There are a variety of secondary effects stemming not from the original pollutant, but a derivative condition. An example is silt-bearing surface runoff, which ca n inhibit the penetration of sunlight through the water column, hampering photosynthesis in aquatic plants. [edit] Measurement of water pollution Environmental Scientists preparing water autosamplers. Water pollution may be analyzed through several broad categories of methods: physical, chemical and biological.Most involve collection of samples, followed by specialized analytical tests. Some methods may be conducted in situ, without sampling, such as temperature. Government agencies and research organizations have published standardized, validated analytical test methods to facilitate the comparability of results from disparate testing events. [19] [edit] Sampling Sampling of water for physical or chemical testing can be done by several methods, depending on the accuracy needed and the characteristics of the contaminant. Many contamination events are sharply restricted in time, most commonly in association with rain events. For this reason ââ¬Å"grabâ⬠samples are often inadequate for fully quantifying contaminant levels. Scientists gathering this type of data often employ auto-sampler devices that pump increments of water at either time or discharge intervals. Sampling for biological testing involves collection of plants and/or animals from the surface water body. Depending on the type of assessment, the organisms may be identified for biosurveys (population counts) and returned to the water body, or they may be dissected for bioassays to determine toxicity. [edit] Physical testingCommon physical tests of water include temperature, solids concentration like total suspended solids (TSS) and turbidity. [edit] Chemical testing See also: water chemistry analysis and environmental chemistry Water samples may be examined using the principles of analytical chemistry. Many published test methods are available for both organic and inorganic compounds. Frequently used methods include pH, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), nutrients (nitrate and phosphorus compounds), metals (including copper, zinc, cadmium, lead and mercury), oil and grease, total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH), and pesticide How to cite Water Pollution Is the Contamination of Water Bodies, Papers
Saturday, April 25, 2020
ShakespeareS Macbeth Essays - Characters In Macbeth,
Shakespeare'S Macbeth Shireen Owlia Ms. Fisher English IV ? 5 14 November 2001 A Woman Before Her Time During the Elizabethan era, a woman did not have any say in the relationship with her husband, but Shakespeare's Macbeth changes this accepted theory. Lady Macbeth is a woman ahead of her time; she is caught between today's ambitious, powerful woman and a fragile, powerless creature of the Elizabethan era. At the beginning of this tragedy, she is vicious, overly ambitious, without conscience, and willing to do whatever it takes to get what she wants. As Macbeth becomes less dependent on his wife, Lady Macbeth loses control of her husband, but mostly of herself. She is so wrapped up in the greedy world Shakespeare creates that she fails to consider the consequences of her actions more realistically. Lady Macbeth lives as if she is a woman ahead of her tiime, but she dies like she is from the ?golden age of drama?. Initially, Lady Macbeth is introduced as a dominant, controlling, heartless wife with the ambition to achieve kingship for her husband. These words are characteristics of today's woman. She does not let her husband run her life, but instead, a modern woman seeks the best for both herself and her husband. This weak, unsure, and unstable condition of Lady Macbeth, which is only revealed towards the end of the play, displays the characteristics of a woman from the Elizabethan times. However, the audience begins to see hints of this hidden nature by the way Macbeth addresses her. The first time Lady Macbeth appears on stage, she is reading Macbeth's letter, which shows her desire to become Queen of Scotland. Lady Macbeth reads, ?This have I thought good to deliver thee, my dearest partner of greatness; that thou mightst not lose the dues of rejoicing, by being ignorant of what greatness is promised thee? (I.5.10-13). This portion of her husband's letter shows she has trained him to report the important events that occur while he is away. At this moment, she decides that quick action will be the basis of her reasoning and planning. Her spur-of-the-moment orders will affect Macbeth so deeply that his character will be forever changed. Lady Macbeth intentionally tries to ignore consequence and concentrates on securing Macbeth's future as king of Scotland. She looks to the quickest way as one that may lack rationality, but shortens their path to the throne. Lady Macbeth has been the authority icon for Macbeth, yet deep down, she never carried such traits to begin with. Because Lady Macbeth is a woman, she does not have the strength in her female heart, body or mind to carry out the deed of killing the King. Therefore, she calls upon the aid of the supernatural to give her male powers, so that she may have the audacity to go through with the plan to murder the King and allow Macbeth to obtain the throne. ?Women have always been considered as the gentler and fair sex. Lady Macbeth feels that to commit this crime, she must become as cruel as she believes men are. She calls for the spirits to unsex her, so she may act as a man would? (Lenz, 238). Although Lady Macbeth is unstable and vulnerable at the end of Act I, she uses dramatic analogies to persuade her husband to follow through with the first murder: ?I have given suck, and know how tender 'tis to love the babe that milks me: I would, while it was smiling in my face, have pluck'd my nipple from his boneless gums, and dash'd the brains out, had I so sworn as you have done to this (I.7.54-59). By h earing a woman who seems to be fearless of his anxieties, Macbeth is soothed. Lady Macbeth knows her husband is a strong person, and she knows she must seem stronger in order to convince him to go along with her plans. Lady Macbeth imagines that she has the ability to hide her true emotions, though her mind is as frail as an ?egg?. She claims that she can act to look like a flower that is innocent, but be a serpent in disguise. After the murder is plotted between the two, Duncan decides
Wednesday, March 18, 2020
Eat carbohydrates Essays
Eat carbohydrates Essays Eat carbohydrates Essay Eat carbohydrates Essay Name: Instructor: Course: Date: Eat carbohydrates Part 1: Misspelled words The essay makes use of informal languages such as ââ¬Å"carbsâ⬠that was repeated numerous times. The spelling of other technical terms such as ââ¬Å"Saccharideâ⬠and ââ¬Å"oligosaccharidesâ⬠Part 2: Grammatical Errors The essay has many wordiness mistakes. This is especially common where the vocabulary is not known for example ââ¬Å"â⬠¦There are so many people that are health conscious these daysâ⬠instead of saying ââ¬Å"â⬠¦there are many health conscious peopleâ⬠. The essay also has many sentences starting with the word ââ¬Å"butâ⬠. The rest of the document also needed to be proofread for possible typing errors. The mixture of tenses was another issue. The writer also confused the first person and third person perspective. Part 3: Organizational suggestions The paper is very disorganized and uncategorized. The essay needs to be organized into distinct parts for example the introduction, body and conclusion. Part 4: Other Constructive Criticism Academic papers require the use of formal language. To that extent, slang, abbreviations and corruption of words is not allowed as they give the essay an unprofessional impression.
Monday, March 2, 2020
Ten top writing tips for scientists - Emphasis
Ten top writing tips for scientists Ten top writing tips for scientists Ask most scientists, engineers and technologists why they got into the profession and theyre unlikely to say it was because they love writing. But love it or hate it, writing is an essential part of a scientific career. Report writing skills are crucial to communicating your research, ideas and recommendations. Losing the gems of months of research in confusing, convoluted prose helps neither you nor your readers. The way you write can be more important than what you write. An instantly readable report will usually have more impact than one that is difficult to decipher. Science doesnt exist in a vacuum. So if you cannot communicate effectively to colleagues and the general public, your work is likely to be perceived as less important. In fact, if you cant communicate what you do, you could argue that you might as well not do it in the first place. Here are some top tips and techniques that can transform your written work: 1. Ask the right questions Powerful writing starts from an ordered, clear structure. Begin ordering your ideas by asking yourself the questions: what? where? when? how? why? and who? When you know what you want to communicate, and why, you can then lay out your core idea first, and expand on it in the rest of the document. Always make sure you ask yourself the exact purpose of what you are writing. When you have a clear intent, you have a much better chance of crafting an effective document. 2. Use jargon with care Abbreviations are a great shortcut when you and your reader speak a common language. But dont forget that there may be acronyms and abbreviations that people outside your organisation or area of expertise just wouldnt know. This doesnt mean that you have to avoid jargon at all costs. Just be aware of your readers knowledge and choose the words and phrases that you are certain they will understand. Most people overestimate how much their readers know and bombard them with too many technical words and phrases. 3. Focus on your reader Do your readers really know everything about thermodynamics or mass transfer? Or are they more concerned with how the science affects their environment, a product or the companys bottom line? Ask yourself the following questions so that you can tailor your information to your reader. Who will read the document? How much experience do they have of the subject? How much do they know about it? What is their likely attitude towards it? How involved in the subject are they? How interested are they in the subject? 4. Dont show off In academia, the more knowledge, information and argument you display, the higher the marks. In the outside world, only the most significant information is necessary. Summarising a wealth of related issues may at first appear to cement your expert status, but it doesnt help your reader. Managers often have several reports to read each day, so focus on becoming a solution provider. 5. Create a compelling opening paragraph Research has shown that when it comes to focus, people remember the beginning and end of something, plus a high point in the middle. This is as true for reports as it is for holidays or feature films. So make sure that your conclusions and recommendations are in the summary. If you bury your recommendations in the middle, theres no guarantee that your readers will get that far. 6. Be confident Say what you really mean and your readers will thank you for it. It can be a little disconcerting to write clearly and in plain English, especially if you come from an organisation that doesnt encourage having a definitive viewpoint. But it will help you to become recognised as a thought leader and means that your work reaches a much wider audience. 7. Learn how to KISS Keep it short and simple. Avoid long, flowery phrases and make sure your sentences contain a maximum of 15 to 20 words. Presenting information in short, manageable chunks also helps you to keep the reader with you, so stick to the principle of one idea per sentence. To paraphrase Einstein: make things as simple as they are but no simpler. 8. Get active Where possible, use the active voice rather than the passive one. Instead of writing, the reactions of various metals were tested, write we tested the reactions of various metals. Adding in the word we makes the document more personal. Dont be afraid to use the word you when writing reports for non-scientists. The idea is to engage the reader and active, personal language does just that. 9. Check for errors Always proofread carefully by printing out your document and combing through it word for word. You cannot rely on your spellchecker to know the difference between palate and pallet, especially if you have it on the automated setting. Print it out first. And if possible, put your work aside for a day and come back to it with fresh eyes. Its likely that any errors will jump out at you more easily. Also check for punctuation and make sure that your structure is as effective as it can be. 10. Use a style guide Grab a free copy of our new The Write Stuff (third edition) to help you with the writing process. This 60-page style guide contains the very essence of good writing. Request a copy here. How Emphasis helped scientists to write more clearly One of Europes leading pharmaceutical companies asked Emphasis to improve its scientists report writing skills. The problem? Many of their written reports were failing to communicate the results of their research and development work in a clear and concise way. The training programme changed how the scientists approach, plan and structure their reports. Before the training programme, most people saw writing as an irritating distraction from their research and their reports had to be heavily edited. Now, there are fewer amendments, the medical director explains. This has reinforced the lessons learned during the training, creating a positive cycle that has, in turn, promoted better writing throughout the company.
Friday, February 14, 2020
Im not sure about the topic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 4
Im not sure about the topic - Essay Example Cardio-respiratory exercise engages and relies on the type of exercise, period, concentration and the speed. Examples of aerobic training activities are swimming, basketball, running among others while weightlifting is an example of anaerobic exercise. Preventable diseases that result from lack of exercises include obesity, atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular ailments. Body composition is the bodily fitness aspect that is determined from the relative quantities of body organs, body fat content, muscle, and skeleton. Determining body composition is crucial in the establishment of the baseline measurement, conducted prior to the launch of the exercise program. The analysis of body composition is also vital in evaluation of the progress in the course of the fitness program. Several methods of establishing body composition exist. A simplified method relies on the use of the thickness in skin folds to establish subcutaneous fat. This method is however less accurate when compared with the hydrostatic testing which involves underwater weighing. Hydrostatic testing is nonetheless expensive and as such is not easily available and certain individuals do not tolerate this
Saturday, February 1, 2020
Slashing Prices, Stabbing Backs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words
Slashing Prices, Stabbing Backs - Essay Example Wal-Mart has been successful in perpetuating their elitist position through the manipulation of media outlets, political groups, and public policy organizations. They have continually pursued a conflict of interest course by donating money to those that are supposed to produce an unbiased report on them. On a local level, they have used contacts with other elitists, and political corruption to gain favorable zoning ordinances for their stores. Public policy is often cheated by research on Wal-Mart that is financed by Wal-Mart. These are typical examples of the transgressions made by the power elite as they seek to dominate the lower classes. Wal-Mart has brought significant harm to the middle and lower classes. They have exploited gender as well ethnicity in their quest for control. They reveal their own stand when Sally Pipes, a reporter with a financial interest in Wal-Mart, defends the company against a charge of sex discrimination by claiming, "The case against Wal-Mart, [...] follows the standard feminist stereotype of women as victims, men as villains and large corporations as inherently evil" (qtd. Barbaro & Strom, 2006). The reply makes it obvious that they see the world through the lens of strata domination. Meanwhile, Wal-Mart exploits the working class by exporting vast numbers of manufacturing jobs.
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