Pre K Level Daycare Class - 1322 Words

General Information On October 4 and October 6, I observed a Pre-k level daycare class. On the 4th I observed from 8:00 to 10:00 in the morning and on the 6th, from 9:00 to 10:30 in the morning. Staff On the day I observed there were a total of fifteen students, ten girls and five boys. In the classroom there were three adults supervising the children, two teachers and a student teacher. The ratio of children to adults was 7:1. Activities Class started and children were already playing with toys. After a while, the teacher told them to clean and put everything back to where it belonged. It was snack time and children were divided into small groups of four. They all sat on the table and waited impatiently for their food. They were given a healthy combination of white and yellow cheese with apples cut into small pieces. Before eating, every child waited for everyone to get served. When everyone was served all of them prayed together and then ate. After they were finished, they got up of their seats and went straight to the trashcan to throw their garbage. They had to wait for everyone to finish their snacks for the m to go sit down at the reading section. When everyone finished, they went and sat down with two of the teachers while the other one was cleaning a mess. Seconds later the director cameShow MoreRelatedAssignment 1: Training and Development in Small Business1880 Words   |  8 PagesSwinney Training and Development November 14, 2014 Development in in Small Business Daycare centers are used most often by working parents, single mom’s and dad’s and sometimes stay at home parents who want some time to themselves a couple days a week. It’s a great alternative if you don’t have relatives that are available to watch your children that are not old enough to go to elementary school. Daycare centers should provide the emotional and social needs for babies that are crucial duringRead MoreEssay On Early Infant And Toddlers1451 Words   |  6 PagesMassachusetts study estimates a possible cost difference of 13 percent when increasing center quality (Marshall et al., 2004). This brings us to almost $40,000 per year. To scale up the number of children served, more teachers would need to be hired to keep class sizes small and quality maintained. If we want services to be equally available to the 2,800 children under the age of five in North Lawndale from low-income families, we should prepare to cover the costs of as many of the se children as possible. TheRead MoreEarly Childhood Education For Children From Low Income Households Essay1493 Words   |  6 Pagesthrough preschool age group. Early Childhood Education creates a significant difference in a child development and learning abilities. There is a variety of avenues one can explore for their child’s pre-education. These specific programs are known by several different names, two of which are preschool and pre-K. Educators can work in many different programs with in churches, public schools, private schools and private-profit companies. One of the first Early Child Education programs was Head Start†.Read MoreDisruptive Behaviors : Social Deficits And Other Problem Behaviors Essay1786 Words   |  8 PagesDisruptive behaviors, even those of an aggressive nature, are not uncommon in children when they first attend pre-school. Pre-school is a time to play, learn and grow before entering a school setting. These children are often transitioning from life at home with their parents to meeting new adults and other children while learning new rules. Disruptive behaviors occur as children adjust to a semi-structured school day including time for free-play. These disruptive behaviors typically disappear onRead MoreChild Rearing Practices By Margaretha Schurz1656 Words   |  7 Pagescurriculum which was not only based on child-rearing practices but centered on the whole-child, including their spiritual, physical, and moral development (Froebel, 1974). Thus the movement began because this new working-class woman want ing more for their toddlers than just daycare supervision. Out of charity for the working women who could not stay home to raise their children, privately run Frobelian kindergartens became more commonplace (O’Conner, 1995). Today kindergarten, with the unified startingRead MoreDifferences Between Home Daycares And Daycare Centers3734 Words   |  15 Pages Differences Between Home Daycares and Daycare Centers: Assessing the Quality of Care Found in Both Settings Jennifer Lea Grossman Amberton University TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.3 Genesis Purpose and Methods Significance Operational Definitions Research Questions 2. LITERATURE REVIEW..........................................................................7 3. METHODOLOGY..............................................................Read MoreThe Importance Of Pre Kindergarten Education Within Students Suffering From Poverty2156 Words   |  9 PagesPaper looks at the importance of pre-kindergarten education within students suffering from poverty. The goal is to show the effectiveness of early prevention to prevent intervention in higher grades. Students living in poverty are at-risk of retention or later dropping out. As most of the students living in poverty receive some type of public assistance, I propose we create legislation requiring students of families that receive public assistance to enroll in a pre-kindergarten program. To gain aRead MoreA Short Note On Individual Student Observation Format Essay962 Words   |  4 Pageshis accomplishments, strengths, and weaknesses. She also gave me a better understanding of the family dynamic. I also reviewed the child’s report card from a few days earlier. III. Background Information: A. Family Background: Family is working class and the mother is the only source of income. She has never pursued child support for fear that the child’s father would only end of in jail, which would be detrimental to her son. The child’s parents were never married and broke up shortly after theRead MoreEarly Childhood Education : Children s Understanding And Development Essay826 Words   |  4 PagesEarly childhood education typically pertains to the education of children who range in age from babies to kindergarten age. This does not start and end inside the class room. Early childhood training is debatably the most crucial phase of educational development as it is from this cornerstone that future development and learning happen. High quality programs need to incorporate teaching in reading capabilities, motor skills, vocabulary and communication abilities. This will create substantial benefitsRead MoreMy Decision For Enter Education Happened Essay929 Words   |  4 PagesPhilosophy My decision to enter education happened while we lived in Okinawa, Japan for four years. My daughter (3 yrs. Old at the time) got into Sure Start Program. Part of the requirements, was for each parent to volunteer for week in the class, NO EXEPTIONS!!! During this week, I realize how hard, yet rewarding it was to work with your children. I did my week, and then I was hooked. I knew that even with both teachers and myself helping, it was not enough help. I decided to keep volunteering

Gambling on the Game Losing to Win (or not) - 1156 Words

The 1919 fix of the World Series by the Chicago White Sox against the Cincinnati Reds was one of the most infamous events in the history of American sport. Though it was not the first (nor was it likely the last) fix in the game’s history, it had a far greater negative impact on the game’s perception throughout America than any other preceding or proceeding fix. Americans were forced to come to grips that their game—America’s game—was flawed, and that its reputation had been compromised by a few people chasing the almighty dollar. As Eliot Asinof said in a 1988 interview and as he portrayed in his Eight Men Out, however, the eight players who came together to throw the series were not out to ruin the game they loved. It was not that†¦show more content†¦More than any other single outside force, he was the reason his players put their careers on the line. With his star players in their primes, at the height of their earning power, Commy stil l justified paying his best players about half of what other owners paid their top guys. Even players on teams in the league cellar were making comparable sums. When his team won the pennant in 1917, for which he had promised them a bonus, he gave them a case of champagne, and when Eddie Cicotte neared thirty victories for the season, for which he would have been due a $10,000, Comiskey sat him down to ensure he did not reach the figure. The movie represented these as occurrences from the 1919 season (and also represented the champagne as flat), and even though that was inaccurate, it still got across the point that Comiskey was unwilling to spend money to keep his pennant-winning team happy. Thus, when the opportunity came for the ballplayers nearly to double or even triple their salaries, they took advantage, especially after nearly striking for better pay in mid-season (another aspect the movie glossed over). The gamblers swooped in and did what they always did by taking advanta ge of others, manipulating their situation for profit. Even though these eight ballplayers were in error, their motivations for fixing the World Series were clear, and in some ways, quite logical. Ultimately, in a tragic twist of fate, theShow MoreRelatedWhat A Stealth Gambling System1163 Words   |  5 Pagesis to ask what a stealth gambling system is. This refers to winning money in a casino without drawing too much attention to yourself. I first began developing an approach to casino gambling after many losing trips to Las Vegas from my home in California. In fact, I don t remember having a single winning trip. After one too many losing excursions to the gambling Mecca, I began to become curious about which games I was losing the most money at, and which games I was losing the fewest dollars playingRead MoreGambling Is When People Play Games For A Chance For Win Money1506 Words   |  7 PagesGambling is when people play games for a chance to win money. People think that people can’t win because of the advantages the casinos have. The odds of winning on a slot machine is about 1 to 262,144. WIth odds like that, it would be hard to win in most of the games you play there. Most games in casinos either depend on luck or is on a slot machine. People have to get really lucky in order to win a jackpot. There are some advantages to the casinos though. People have found ways to win jackpots inRead MoreThe American Ga ming Association ( Aga )1465 Words   |  6 Pagesof sports in a negative way. Sport betting has been a part of many scandals in American sports. Athletes, coaches, and referees in various sports have been involved in different scandals through fixing games to change the outcome. To ‘fix’ a game is when gamblers predetermine the outcome of a game by paying money to players, referees, or anyone that can change the outcome. For example, in the 1919 Major League Baseball World Series, the Chicago White Sox lost against the Cincinnati Reds in a scandalRead MoreIllegal Gambling : A Large Amount Of Money Going Into Gambling931 Words   |  4 Pagesmoney going into gambling -more and more money has been spent from the consumer’s point of view – almost $2 billion -What are people gambling on? -Scratchers, 649, casinos → slot machines†¦ etc November 27, 2013 UBC and Gambling -BCLC gave UBC $2 million dollars for new Gambling Research centre at UBC Gambling in Canada -There is a large amount of money going into gambling -more and more money has been spent from the consumer’s point of view – almost $2 billion -What are people gambling on? -ScratchersRead MoreGambling Addiction918 Words   |  4 Pages Gambling can be a compulsion where people are so obsessed with gambling that they gamble for a high; much like people who have alcohol, drug, and nicotine addictions. A person who gambles for the sheer urge to gamble despite harmful negative consequences or a desire to stop is considered to have gambling addiction or ludomania. A person with ludomania loves the rush of a win over everything else in life. The addiction causes the person to choose the excitement over responsibility. Families, jobsRead More Gambling and the Brain1523 Words   |  7 PagesGambling and the Brain Why do gamblers bet more after they just lost a hand? Why do investors throw good money after bad? Why do people believe that a string of losses makes a win more likely? Why do so many people say that they will win their money back in the next hand? Is part of the appeal of gambling its unpredictability? Or do we just look at it as a way to get rich quick? The answer to these questions may lie in the science of the brain. Some studies indicate that gamblers bet moreRead MoreThe Rules of Playing Online Roulette641 Words   |  3 Pagestechnology has made online gambling one of the lucrative business on the Internet. When people are sitting free and are looking for something fun-filled to do, online gambling can certainly help. There are so many games available to play but when you are looking for something interesting then online roulette should be the game you should opt for. It is one of the most widely played games in land-based casinos and at online casinos. Here we discuss the r ules and the ways of how this game is played. The rulesRead MoreHow Does And Probability Make You Win Money On Blackjack? Essay1428 Words   |  6 PagesThe research question for this internal assessment is: How does and probability make you win money on Blackjack? Blackjack is the most common gambling game at casinos around the world. The aim of this game is to get as close to 21 without going over. You play against the dealer. Therefore, as in many other casino games, probability has to be taken in consideration to be aware of the possible outcomes in regard to cards and money. In the moment of truth, many players tend to hesitate, speculate andRead More Gambling in the United States Essay570 Words   |  3 PagesGambling in the United States   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Gambling has increased in the last couple of years. Is it because people are addicted? There are two types of gambling: Compulsive Gambling and pathological gambling. Compulsive Gambling is when people have a hard time resisting to gamble. Pathological Gambling is when there is a need to gamble for money or for large amounts of money. Also people don’t know when to quit when they are pathological gamblers. Both types of gambling have major side effects, and canRead MoreEssay Cheating in Sports1397 Words   |  6 Pagesgoverned by sets of rules or customs and often, competition. Sports have always been a way to connect us to our past and to build optimism about the future. Sport’s a way to bond the people despite differences in race, age and gender. However, today the game that is supposed to teach character, discipline and team work is teaching cheating. And in today’s world, with fame, endorsement, drugs and so much to gain, it is not surpri sing that athletes are cheating in sports. Cheating in sports is not new thing;

Water Pollution Is the Contamination of Water Bodies Free Essays

Water pollution is the contamination of water bodies (e. g. lakes, rivers, oceans and groundwater). We will write a custom essay sample on Water Pollution Is the Contamination of Water Bodies or any similar topic only for you Order Now Water pollution affects plants and organisms living in these bodies of water; and, in almost all cases the effect is damaging not only to individual species and populations, but also to the natural biological communities. Water pollution occurs when pollutants are discharged directly or indirectly into water bodies without adequate treatment to remove harmful compounds.Millions depend on the polluted Ganges river. Water pollution is a major problem in the global context. It has been suggested that it is the leading worldwide cause of deaths and diseases,[1][2] and that it accounts for the deaths of more than 14,000 people daily. [2] An estimated 700 million Indians have no access to a proper toilet, and 1,000 Indian children die of diarrheal sickness every day. 3] Some 90% of China’s cities suffer from some degree of water pollution,[4] and nearly 500 million people lack access to safe drinking water. [5] In addition to the acute problems of water pollution in developing countries, industrialized countries continue to struggle with pollution problems as well. In the most recent national report on water quality in the United States, 45 percent of assessed stream miles, 47 percent of assessed lake acres, and 32 percent of assessed bay and estuarine square miles were classified as polluted. 6] Water is typically referred to as polluted when it is impaired by anthropogenic contaminants and either does not support a human use, like serving as drinking water, and/or undergoes a marked shift in its ability to support its constituent biotic communities, such as fish. Natural phenomena such as volcanoes, algae blooms, storms, and earthquakes also cause major changes in water quality and the ecological status of water. [edit]Water pollution categories Surface water and groundwater have often been studied and managed as separate resources, although they are interrelated. 7] Sources of surface water pollution are generally grouped into two categories based on their origin. [edit] Point source pollution Point source pollution – Shipyard  œ Rio de Janeiro. Point source pollution refers to contaminants that enter a waterway through a discrete conveyance, such as a pipe or ditch. Examples of sources in this category include discharges from a sewage treatment plant, a factory, or a city storm drain. The U. S. Clean Water Act (CWA) defines point source for regulatory enforcement purposes. 8] The CWA definition of point source was amended in 1987 to include municipal storm sewer systems, as well as industrial stormwater, such as from construction sites. [9] [edit] Non–point source pollution Non–point source (NPS) pollution refers to diffuse contamination that does not originate from a single discrete source. NPS pollution is often the cumulative effect of small amounts of contaminants gathered from a large area. The leaching out of nitrogen compounds from agricultural land which has been fertilized is a typical example.Nutrient runoff in stormwater from â€Å"sheet flow† over an agricultural field or a forest are also cited as examples of NPS pollution. Contaminated storm water washed off of parking lots, roads and highways, called urban runoff, is sometimes included under the category of NPS pollution. However, this runoff is typically channeled into storm drain systems and discharged through pipes to local surface waters, and is a point source. However where such water is not channeled and drains directly to ground it is a non-point source. [edit] Groundwater pollution See also: Hydrogeology Interactions between groundwater and surface water are complex.Consequently, groundwater pollution, sometimes referred to as groundwater contamination, is not as easily classified as surface water pollution. [7] By its very nature, groundwater aquifers are susceptible to contamination from sources that may not directly affect surface water bodies, and the distinction of point vs. non-point source may be irrelevant. A spill or ongoing releases of chemical or radionuclide contaminants into soil (located away from a surface water body) may not create point source or non-point source pollution, but can contaminate the aquifer below, defined as a toxin plume.The movement of the plume, a plume front, can be part of a Hydrological transport model or Groundwater model. Analysis of groundwater contamination may focus on the soil characteristics and site geology, hydrogeology, hydrology, and the nature of the contaminants. [edit] Causes of water pollution The specific contaminants leading to pollution in water include a wide spectrum of chemicals, pathogens, and physical or sensory changes such as elevated temperature and discoloration. While many of the chemicals and substances that are regulate d may be naturally occurring (calcium, sodium, ron, manganese, etc. ) the concentration is often the key in determining what is a natural component of water, and what is a contaminant. Oxygen-depleting substances may be natural materials, such as plant matter (e. g. leaves and grass) as well as man-made chemicals. Other natural and anthropogenic substances may cause turbidity (cloudiness) which blocks light and disrupts plant growth, and clogs the gills of some fish species. [10] Many of the chemical substances are toxic. Pathogens can produce waterborne diseases in either human or animal hosts. 11] Alteration of water’s physical chemistry includes acidity (change in pH), electrical conductivity, temperature, and eutrophication. Eutrophication is an increase in the concentration of chemical nutrients in an ecosystem to an extent that increases in the primary productivity of the ecosystem. Depending on the degree of eutrophication, subsequent negative environmental effects such as anoxia (oxygen depletion) and severe reductions in water quality may occur, affecting fish and other animal populations. [edit] Pathogens A manhole cover unable to contain a sanitary sewer overflow.Coliform bacteria are a commonly used bacterial indicator of water pollution, although not an actual cause of disease. Other microorganisms sometimes found in surface waters which have caused human health problems include: †¢Burkholderia pseudomallei †¢Cryptosporidium parvum †¢Giardia lamblia †¢Salmonella †¢Novovirus and other viruses †¢Parasitic worms (helminths). [1 2][13] High levels of pathogens may result from inadequately treated sewage discharges. [14] This can be caused by a sewage plant designed with less than secondary treatment (more typical in less-developed countries).In developed countries, older cities with aging infrastructure may have leaky sewage collection systems (pipes, pumps, valves), which can cause sanitary sewer overflows. Some cities also have combined sewers, which may discharge untreated sewage during rain storms. [15] Pathogen discharges may also be caused by poorly managed livestock operations. [edit] Chemical and other contaminants Muddy river polluted by sediment. Photo courtesy of United States Geological Survey. Contaminants may include organic and inorganic substances. Organic water pollutants include: †¢Detergents †¢Disinfection by-products found in chemically disinfected drinking water, such as chloroform †¢Food processing waste, which can include oxygen-demanding substances, fats and grease †¢Insecticides and herbicides, a huge range of organohalides and other chemical compounds †¢Petroleum hydrocarbons, including fuels (gasoline, diesel fuel, jet fuels, and fuel oil) and lubricants (motor oil), and fuel combustion byproducts, from stormwater runoff[16] †¢Tree and bush debris from logging operations Volatile organic compounds (VOCs), such as industrial solvents, from improper storage. Chlorinated solvents, which are dense non-aqueous phase liquids (DNAPLs), may fall to the bottom of reservoirs, since they don’t mix well with water and are denser. †¢Various chemical compounds found in personal hygiene and cosmetic products Inorganic water pollutants include:†¢Acidity caused by industrial discharges ( especially sulfur dioxide from power plants) †¢Ammonia from food processing waste †¢Chemical waste as industrial by-products Fertilizers containing nutrients–nitrates and phosphates–which are found in stormwater runoff from agriculture, as well as commercial and residential use[16] †¢Heavy metals from motor vehicles (via urban stormwater runoff)[16][17] and acid mine drainage †¢Silt (sediment) in runoff from construction sites, logging, slash and burn practices or land clearing sites Macroscopic pollution—large visible items polluting the water—may be termed â€Å"floatables† in an urban stormwater context, or marine debris when found on the open seas, and can include such items as: †¢Trash (e. . paper, plastic, or food waste) discarded by people on the ground, and that are washed by rainfall into storm drains and eventually discharged into surface waters †¢Nurdles, small ubiquitous waterborne plastic pellets †¢Sh ipwrecks, large derelict ships Potrero Generating Station discharges heated water into San Francisco Bay. [18] [edit] Thermal pollution Main article: Thermal pollution Thermal pollution is the rise or fall in the temperature of a natural body of water caused by human influence.A common cause of thermal pollution is the use of water as a coolant by power plants and industrial manufacturers. Elevated water temperatures decreases oxygen levels (which can kill fish) and affects ecosystem composition, such as invasion by new thermophilic species. Urban runoff may also elevate temperature in surface waters. Thermal pollution can also be caused by the release of very cold water from the base of reservoirs into warmer rivers. [edit] Transport and chemical reactions of water pollutants See also: Marine pollution Most water pollutants are eventually carried by rivers into the oceans.In some areas of the world the influence can be traced hundred miles from the mouth by studies using hydrology transport models. Advanced computer models such as SWMM or the DSSAM Model have been used in many locations worldwide to examine the fate of pollutants in aquatic systems. Indicator filter feeding species such as copepods have also been used to study pollutant fates in the New York Bight, for example. The highest toxin loads are not directly at the mouth of the Hudson River, but 100 kilometers south, since several days are required for incorporation into planktonic tissue.The Hudson discharge flows south along the coast due to coriolis force. Further south then are areas of oxygen depletion, caused by chemicals using up oxygen and by algae blooms, caused by excess nutrients from algal cell death and decomposition. Fish and shellfish kills have been reported, because toxins climb the food chain after small fish consume copepods, then large fish eat smaller fish, etc. Each successive step up the food chain causes a stepwise concentration of pollutants such as heavy metals (e. g. mercury) and persistent organic pollutants such as DDT. This is known as biomagnification, which is occasionally used interchangeably with bioaccumulation. A polluted river draining an abandoned copper mine on Anglesey Large gyres (vortexes) in the oceans trap floating plastic debris. The North Pacific Gyre for example has collected the so-called â€Å"Great Pacific Garbage Patch† that is now estimated at 100 times the size of Texas. Many of these long-lasting pieces wind up in the stomachs of marine birds and animals. This results in obstruction of digestive pathways which leads to reduced appetite or even starvation.Many chemicals undergo reactive decay or chemically change especially over long periods of time in groundwater reservoirs. A noteworthy class of such chemicals is the chlorinated hydrocarbons such as trichloroethylene (used in industrial metal degreasing and electronics manufacturing) and tetrachloroethylene used in the dry cleaning industry (note latest advances in liquid carbon dioxide in dry cleaning that avoids al l use of chemicals). Both of these chemicals, which are carcinogens themselves, undergo partial decomposition reactions, leading to new hazardous chemicals (including dichloroethylene and vinyl chloride).Groundwater pollution is much more difficult to abate than surface pollution because groundwater can move great distances through unseen aquifers. Non-porous aquifers such as clays partially purify water of bacteria by simple filtration (adsorption and absorption), dilution, and, in some cases, chemical reactions and biological activity: however, in some cases, the pollutants merely transform to soil contaminants. Groundwater that moves through cracks and caverns is not filtered and can be transported as easily as surface water.In fact, this can be aggravated by the human tendency to use natural sinkholes as dumps in areas of Karst topography. There are a variety of secondary effects stemming not from the original pollutant, but a derivative condition. An example is silt-bearing surface runoff, which ca n inhibit the penetration of sunlight through the water column, hampering photosynthesis in aquatic plants. [edit] Measurement of water pollution Environmental Scientists preparing water autosamplers. Water pollution may be analyzed through several broad categories of methods: physical, chemical and biological.Most involve collection of samples, followed by specialized analytical tests. Some methods may be conducted in situ, without sampling, such as temperature. Government agencies and research organizations have published standardized, validated analytical test methods to facilitate the comparability of results from disparate testing events. [19] [edit] Sampling Sampling of water for physical or chemical testing can be done by several methods, depending on the accuracy needed and the characteristics of the contaminant. Many contamination events are sharply restricted in time, most commonly in association with rain events. For this reason â€Å"grab† samples are often inadequate for fully quantifying contaminant levels. Scientists gathering this type of data often employ auto-sampler devices that pump increments of water at either time or discharge intervals. Sampling for biological testing involves collection of plants and/or animals from the surface water body. Depending on the type of assessment, the organisms may be identified for biosurveys (population counts) and returned to the water body, or they may be dissected for bioassays to determine toxicity. [edit] Physical testingCommon physical tests of water include temperature, solids concentration like total suspended solids (TSS) and turbidity. [edit] Chemical testing See also: water chemistry analysis and environmental chemistry Water samples may be examined using the principles of analytical chemistry. Many published test methods are available for both organic and inorganic compounds. Frequently used methods include pH, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), nutrients (nitrate and phosphorus compounds), metals (including copper, zinc, cadmium, lead and mercury), oil and grease, total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH), and pesticide How to cite Water Pollution Is the Contamination of Water Bodies, Papers